口說分享:簡單字彙的重要

by Lia Hsu

今天想來和大家分享,在口說時,運用「簡單字彙」的重要。

我發現同學講口說答案時,往往會心裡有太多想法想說,導致最後在給答案時,語句卡住,這相當可惜。
漂亮的答案,應該「專注延伸一個例子」,富有畫面感、深入且充滿個人情緒。

我們該如何「專注延伸一個例子」,卻又把這個例子講得好、講得生動呢?

我的秘訣,就是「只使用自己最熟悉的句型」和「最想講的關鍵語彙」。

只用自己知道的句型

如果你上過我的課,你會發現,一直以來我強調同學在給答案時的「聲音表情」及「語調」要做好。透過使用自己最熟悉的句型和語彙,我可以在答題前就先控制我的答案走向,自己的講話邏輯,因此,正式開口的當下,我更能夠專注於我的聲音,讓我的聲音去「傳遞情緒及自信」。

如此說來可能有一些抽象,我們來舉一個題目試試:

Q: Describe a memorable trip of yours. Explain why it was memorable.

初遇到題目,我會思考題目的核心,這也就是,題目裡到底有什麼是我必須要去講到的呢?

因此,這裏,我會先 set 好我答題的句型:我的開頭,必定會是  “A memorable trip of mine is …”

“This trip was memorable because…”

接下來,我會思考有什麼我人生中的旅遊是讓我認為相當有畫面感的。這裏,請同學稍作留意,在生成你的答案時,你的答案並不需要使用太難、 太複雜的語句,而是應該盡量簡單,用When SVO, SVO 的句子說話。


回來這題。於是乎,當我思考這個問題的時候,我就想到了我與朋友上次去的「溪頭的旅行」。我當下會想到這個答案的理由是:「那是我從很小就拜訪過,現在想要再去一次的地方」,而我心中浮現的畫面是「超多樹、很綠、冷冷的」,當時我們「一起散步聊天」,還看到了別人吃泡麵,我記得那一天我很開心。

在一個這樣有許多話想講的時候,我該怎麼組裝我的句子呢?訣竅很簡單,就是不要想「我要組裝」,而是要想「我要分享」!當你說著話時,考慮的是他人聽你的故事時的感受,你自然而然就會想要用簡單的句子和深刻的畫面。

用你會的單字講好劇情

分享的時候到了。講話前,我會跑過一次我心裡的關鍵字,思考一下我講話的順序及我想要帶的關鍵字。

我的口說答案,原則上會走這些關鍵字和畫面:溪頭、childhood memories, a lot of trees, different kinds of green, walked a lot with my friend, and chatted a lot on our life. It was cold. (—> 還有時間,會講到 Instant Noodles)


接下來,我會開始講述我的答案。如果你認為你的答案感覺起來不怎麼精彩,不怎麼memorable,別擔心,請於每個你要營造的畫面後面加入「一個你對於此畫面的想法(是開心還是難過?是生氣、疲累,還是當下特別心動?)」。身為聽眾,他人也許很難理解你的答案,但沒關係,只要反覆提醒他,這些元素對你很重要,他人自然就能跟上你的邏輯,用你的角度想事情了。

有了這樣的一個觀念,回來看我會如何回答這題,現在,你應能理解,我是如何將這個答案推大、推滿、賦予色彩的:


Well, a memorable trip of mine would absolutely be the time when I went to 溪頭 with my best friend Winnie. This trip was memorable because it had a lot of childhood memories, and I visited there when I was young and I remembered I loved it, so I wanted to visit that place again…and when I went to 溪頭 with Winnie, I was very, very touched. It was still pretty just like before, and I loved it as well. So, there were a lot of trees, every tree was different but they were all green…and anyway, it was so beautiful. And also, when I went there with Winnie, it was still winter so it was a bit cold, the air was romantic, and we walked around the lake and chatted so much on our childhood memories. So, that day, I was deeply touched and happy, and I really enjoyed myself. That’s why I think the trip to 溪頭 was a fascinating one. 

為了方便大家知道簡單的句子在一個真正的口說如何呈現,我將此題錄成了音檔,提供給各位:https://goo.gl/4nyr1u

大家有無留意到,在方才的答案裡,我並沒有使用到任何困難的字彙和句型,而都是專注於講出「仔細的劇情」以及我對這些劇情的「態度」?寫到這裡,同學往往會有一個問題:何謂「態度」呢?所以態度就是 “I was very, very touched”, “still pretty”, 還有 “I loved it”嗎?這樣的態度真的可行嗎,難道不會顯得我的字彙量很少?
答案是不會的。記得,在一個托福口說回答,主考官在考的並不是一個完美的答案。

記得最終感動人的是聲音


給一個口說答案時,請記得,你的最終目的是為了「渲染情緒、感動他人」,你並不是在進行「總統就職典禮的致詞演講」,因此,你不需要使用「專業的詞彙、句子」騙倒你的觀眾;反之,你更應該要使用「明確、簡單」的字詞;如此,他人可以更加了解你,進而認同你。

溪頭的英文不會講嗎?講 “XiTou~” 就可以了,並在後面加入,”It’s like a small forest in my country” 。

It had a magnificent view of mountains 一時之間想不到嗎?說 ”There were so many mountains  there, and it was just so big, so great, and so beautiful.” 就可以了。
 

“Xitou reminded me of going on a field trip when I was in junior high, and that day, I was so shocked by this amazing view of trees, because when I was small I have never went to a place that green before” 覺得劇情很複雜嗎?你可以簡單講:”I think Xitou reminded me of how I fell in love with the nature” 或 “Xitou connects me to the nature”。

總之,這些複雜的、長存心裡的真實理由是不會消失的;別害怕,我們不是在掰答案,我們只是在試圖用更簡單的方法將答案講出來。當然,除了使用簡單的字彙,將你的劇情一一扣上「態度」和「情緒」,也會幫助他人更好瞭解你的觀點。

從我的答案裡,你了解了情緒及聲音表情的重要。一個答案能否讓人信服,是在於講答案的人聽起來是否誠懇、可讓人信服;只要句子夠簡單他人聽得懂,你應該去練習修飾的,是你的聲音,而不是 “Fancy words and phrases”. 


最後,讓我們再練習一個題目,以確保你理解了「簡單」在口說答案裡的重要:

Q: Do you like to play video games or do you like to play table games?

I think I like to play video games because I think table games are very complicated. That is, the rules are sometimes very confusing, and I might not be able understand them. Also, if my friend is not good in explaining rules, I would quickly be bored. For example, when my sister and I played 橋牌 together, although it’s an interesting game, but there’s always a lot of time and energy spent on understanding the game. Sometimes I need to listen to the rules 2 times, or even play it once before the real game, before we get to really start, and that’s really, really complicated. On the other hand, when I play video games, I can start fighting immediately. That’s cool, and it’s a faster game, and I really like that! That’s why I like video games more than table games. 

此題的錄音檔在這裡:https://goo.gl/RVeCam

你會發現,慢慢講、清楚講的效果,比隨便亂講更好!

只要你能給出像這樣的答案,其實,你的口說分數就很不錯了!這也就是說,其實多數時候,同學的英文句子都已經是很棒的、很夠用的英文句子了!

只要加以練習,熟悉你平常所使用的「句子」和「講話風格」,你也能夠營造出精采而生動的答案!

而什麼是講話風格呢?
舉例來說,你平常最喜歡用什麼形容詞?你往往用什麼句子開頭?你有沒有什麼慣常的「語助詞」以幫助你的說話更加「流暢」?這些都是講話風格的一種態樣。建議同學可以在平時,就多去思考自己的講話模式,以應變在托福口說一、二題會遇到的各種問題。

在處理到托福口說時,同學往往還是會相當緊張。希望今天的分享讓大家有所收穫!只要勤加練習,用簡單的英文單字,一樣能夠很清楚地講出自己的想法喔!

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